The Delivery Is Online Order Service - 861 Words

Kungfu Delivery is online order service, focused on Asian food, establish service communication platform for diners and stores. On the one hand, take-away family will know have a comprehensive understanding of the takeaway store information through our network ordering platform, including menus, prices, delivery restrictions, reservations, please call etc; on the other hand, restaurants can also promote themselves into the Kungfu network ordering platform. Dinners can leave messages to communicate, which helps the restaurants to improve their service to win the competitive advantage. It will adopt O2O business model. O2O stands for online to offline, its website helps business owners in customer acquisition by doing a part of the business online and the rest of the part offline. Our company is a small and startup Internet Company, and will launch in New York at first as a pilot. From a recent global briefing, , mentioned that Asian flavors have grown in popularity in the United States, due both to the spread of Asia-based chained concepts and to increased interest in Asian flavors and cuisines in other markets all over the world. According to the survey, in United States, sales at Asian fast food restaurants have grown by 135 percent since 1999, well outpacing the growth seen in any other segment. Roughly half of all sales at Asian fast food restaurants came from chains in 2014. The viability of that model points to a certain level of demand. U.S. chains likeShow MoreRelatedE-Business Plan - Online Food Orders and Delivery Services2816 Words   |  12 PagesE-Business Plan Online Food Orders and Delivery Services MMU-MBA Group Project for BEL6084 Ââ€" Information Systems and E-Commerce Semester : May 2005 - Jul 2005 Student : OOI GHEE BENG TAN HENG LEE CHAN WENG JUN Student ID : 1051200001 1051200019 1051200028 Supervisor : Mr. T. Subramanian Contents Executive Summary 1 Management Team 2 Product Description 3 Marketing Plan 4 Operational Plan 6 Financial Plan 7 Risk Analysis 9 Future Projections 10 Read MoreE-Business Plan - Online Food Orders and Delivery Services2801 Words   |  12 PagesE-Business Plan Online Food Orders and Delivery Services MMU-MBA Group Project for BEL6084 Ââ€" Information Systems and E-Commerce Semester : May 2005 - Jul 2005 Student : OOI GHEE BENG TAN HENG LEE CHAN WENG JUN Student ID : 1051200001 1051200019 1051200028 Supervisor : Mr. T. Subramanian Contents Executive Summary 1 Management Team 2 Product Description 3 Marketing Plan 4 Operational Plan 6 Financial Plan 7 Risk Analysis 9 Future Projections 10 Executive Summary Read MoreEssay On Order Online Food1034 Words   |  5 PagesRestaurants using order online food for Delivery in Ireland Delivery services widely spread after the establishment of search engines. 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This can be delivered on a local level as well as we see in a company like Comet Cleaners which offers a same-day service. According to Entrepreneur and Online Marketing Expert, Neil Patel, â€Å"Humans are hardwired to want things -- now. It’s called instantRead MoreConsumer Perceptions Towards E Grocery Market1396 Words   |  6 Pagesfacilitates online transaction between business entities and consumer for various product and services. As market penetration of internet is rising which leads to the growth of e-grocery sector in India. Social media has impacted the growth of online consumers dynamically in Tier I cities. Some e-commerce players came up with the online grocery market concept but not able to sustain which reflects about the dynamic environment to ward e-grocery. E-grocery allows consumers to purchase grocery online throughRead MoreDigital Advertising Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesCreative Studio Orders Takeaway online using Google.com The business world has drastically evolved over the years. This is mostly on how service providers market and sell their services. Marketing is vital as it makes a brand visible to potential customers. In addition to this, it helps separate different brands selling the same products. People were used to traditional marketing platforms until two decades ago when search engines were developed. This paved way for the development of online platforms.Read MoreA Report On The Last Mile1476 Words   |  6 Pagesstock and provide efficient delivery. Managing stock from one distribution center to another, and finally managing stock when the retailers are actually online business only could be difficult. 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The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 2409 Words

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is often considered one of the great American novels. Throughout the years, it has received critical attention from all sides. Revered by some and banned by others, there is no mistake that Mark Twain’s novel will always have a place in American history. In fact, another great American novelist—Ernest Hemingway—said this of Huck Finn: â€Å"All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called ‘Huckleberry Finn.’ It’s the best book we’ve had. All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since† (Ulin, â€Å"Celebrating the genius of ‘Huckleberry Finn’†). There has been much debate whether a statement like this could be true, but one fact remains. Huck Finn is a socially significant story. Mark Twain wrote Adventures of Huckleberry Finn during a time when society was full of racism and hypocrisy. Even after the abo lition of slavery in 1865, America—the South, especially—was still trying to make sense of the changes that were happening in society. The Reconstruction of the South showed society that these changes weren’t easy, but it more importantly revealed a system of belief with two parts. These systems, both contradictory and separate, divided society into two different groups: the so-called â€Å"savages† and the so-called â€Å"civilized† (Van den Berghe 26). The themes in Adventures of Huck Finn reveal that Twain was vehemently opposed to this steeply hypocritical belief system. ThroughoutShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. 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Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. 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Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novel

Legal Regulation and Employment Relations

Question: Discuss about the Legal Regulation and Employment Relations. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of this essay is to analyze and understand the employment relations issues in Singapore. The country is evidently famous and recognized for the ever going conflicts regarding the employment relations in the industry. There are issues prevailing in the country and the main element which governs those issues is that there has been used a unitarist approach by the employment agencies as well as by the government for resolving those issues. It is a significant issue that business instead of taking use of pluralist approach takes use of unitarist approach. The unitarist approach was earlier found to be harmonized and was the only approach for resolving the employees and workplace issues. But in present scenario the businesses are going for the pluralist approach as this basically focuses upon resolving the issues by integrating one more party in between. The third party is the trade unions. These trade unions focus upon the uplifting of the employees by raising their conc erns and issues to the higher authorities. The pluralist approach is broader in sense and is much effective in resolving issues. This essay will focus upon the various contemporary examples which will state that the time is changing fast and there is a need that the businesses must have a changed way of looking towards the employment relation issues. To have effective workforce support and reduced workplace issues there is a need that successful strategies and initiatives must be introduced by the businesses (Lakhani, Kuruvilla and Avgar, 2013). Identification of relevant issues Singapore is highly recognized for the continuous employment relation issues occurring at numerous workplaces. The main and the primary issues are in context with the benefits and salaries provided to the employees. There was absence of collective bargaining in the labor industry. And the failure of collective bargaining has resulted into a number of issues. After its failure the next step was conciliation in context with ministry of power (Thursfield and Kellie, 2013). The failure of conciliation resulted into issues bought under the industrial arbitration court. Before the arrival of the PAP i.e. Peoples Action Party the conditions of Singapore were worse in terms of resources and technology and other major elements to run the economy. The entire economy was depended over the human resources and human capital. The workforce of Singapore was the one and the only contributor of countrys wealth and success. And thus it was essential to have improved employment relations in the industr y. Earlier there were a number of issues regarding the collective bargaining approach in the industry (Ackers, 2014). There are number of employment related issues in Singapore related to the employment relations. There are majorly four primary and chief issues prevailing in the country of Singapore. The first issue is regarding the illegal immigrants which are continuously grouping inside the Singapores industrial department. The second major issue is that the impact poses on other nations due to the relocation of the investments and the industries. The third issue related to employment is privatization of companies which are state owned and the fourth major issue is there is exceeding number of aging workforce in the nation. And these are the primary issues which have been identified in Singapore (Cullinane and Dundon, 2014). There are two approaches by which the businesses in Singapore look upon the employment relation issue i.e. the unitarist approach and the pluralist approach. In Unitarist approach there is no such immense concern laid over the resolution of the issue. In this approach it is mentioned that the employment relation issues are not of an inevitable character (Siebert, et al., 2015). They generally occurs at the workplace and will resolve with time is there is no individual focus given over the issue (Burchill, 2014). Where as in the pluralistic approach there is no single control over the parties and there is no specific part to given. In this approach the managers are not at allowed to dominate a single group or party, the judgment and decision of the employees can b e suppress. There are unions which have the authoritative power to challenge the management or the employer in behalf of the employees and to solve their workplace issues. In pluralist approach there is a union which is not present in the unitarist approach (Thunnissen, Boselie and Fruytier, 2013). Examination analysis of information The issue related to aged workforce brought mixed reactions in the economy. The government aimed at enhancing the retirement age from the age 60 to 67. And this was a major concern for the companies. As the aged workers were not having a friendly touch with the latest technologies and upgraded software and thus the productivity of the organization suffers. The government was taking this initiative so that more number of foreign workers can be restrict to get employed in the industry and thus the issue of illegal immigrations can be restrict. As there is increased number of illegal immigrants in the country there are various negative implications which are associated with this issue (Varma and Budhwar, 2013). There can be decreased job opportunities for the local residents as the immigrants are ready to work at low wages as compared to the domestic employees. There are various other safety and security issues which are an indirect outcome of the issue. Earlier there was no association or union to listen the grievances of the workers. And thus there arose numerous workplace conflicts and employment relation issues. The other issue that is privatization of the companies was also major issues as the state owned companies are now being privatized. This results into recruitment of the illegal immigrants also at a lower cost which raises the concern of the existing employees of the company (Boxall, 2014). Earlier the unitarist approach was found to be much harmonized way to resolve the workplace and employment relation issues. But with the change in time and development of the pluralist approach, it was found that the companies tried to incorporate this new idea of resolving the conflicts and attain more workplace diversity and workforce commitment. With the change in time the industries are also developing. In present scenario the employees do not have their silent voice against these business approaches. Earlier the unitarist approach worked but it cant have the same support or relevance in current business situation. It is not justified as the time is rapidly changing and there is a need to know that the pluralist approach must be in place. The pluralist approach comprises of the trade unions and these unions are a very much essential part for resolving the employment relation issues. These trade unions help in raising the unsolved issues of the employees, provide them the adequate salaries and introduce policies which support the betterment of the employees (Gollan and Patmore, 2013). There are various contemporary examples which show that now the unitarist approach does not exist anymore and there is a need of other theories and pluralist approach for resolving the employment relation issues. There is a case of AHRI award winners in the year 2009, where it can be clearly stated and identified that in todays time there is a need of the human capital model which will ensures that the application of strategies took place effectively. Now there is much importance given to the industry and the organization. In this award case, Comcare, the Federal Government agency which is a public organization has effectively won this award. The agency was held liable for administering and maintaining the safety and health of the employees at the workplace. The effort which made the agency win this award was the development of the human capital model which ensures that there is rapid and effective organizational change through the HR department. It also assists in encouraging the em ployees and filing up the gaps appeared in the present and past organizational culture. The agency invested its lot of energy, time and capital for building the workforce planning competence. And for appreciating the huge efforts of the agency, it was honored with the AHRI Award Winners 2009. This is the contemporary example which shows that in present time there is a need that the building of employment relations is a must and only the unitarist approach will not work anymore (Nankervis, et al., 2011). Conclusion In Singapore the employment relations issues raised at an increasing rate and this has build up a worsen situation in the country. There are issues in relation with the salaries, wages, and weekly hours. Other issues are related to illegal immigrants who are continuously grouping inside the Singapores industrial department, relocation of the investments, privatization of companies and exceeding number of aging workforce in the nation. The businesses in Singapore are resolving these employment relation issues by the unitarist approach (Shields, 2015). This approach takes the issues in a supple manner and the opinions and viewpoints of the employees are not much considered. This is an old approach which was much used by the Singapores businesses but this essay concludes that the companies must have a pluralist approach in resolving these issues. The pluralist approach focuses upon the resolution of issues through the involvement of union in between. The trade unions are found to be ver y beneficial in resolution of employment relation issues. These trade unions support the employees by raising their issues, making them pay appropriate wages and providing them their rights. The essay also provide the contemporary examples which shows that in present time companies are taking a number of initiatives including the government agencies for satisfying their workforce and having their development in every possible manner. Thus from this essay it is clear that to improve the conditions and employments relations in Singapore there must be use of pluralist approach instead of continuing with the unitarist approach of solving employment relation issues (Warner, 2013). References Ackers, P. (2014). Rethinking the employment relationship: a neo-pluralist critique of British industrial relations orthodoxy.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(18), 2608-2625. Boxall, P. (2014). The future of employment relations from the perspective of human resource management.Journal of Industrial Relations, 0022185614527980. Burchill, F. (2014).Labour relations. Palgrave Macmillan. Cullinane, N., Dundon, T. (2014). Unitarism and employer resistance to trade unionism.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(18), 2573-2590. Gollan, P. J., Patmore, G. (2013). Perspectives of legal regulation and employment relations at the workplace: Limits and challenges for employee voice.Journal of Industrial Relations,55(4), 488-506. Lakhani, T., Kuruvilla, S., Avgar, A. (2013). From the firm to the network: Global value chains and employment relations theory.British Journal of Industrial Relations,51(3), 440-472. Nankervis, A., Compton, R., Baird, M. and Coffey, J., (2011), Human Resource Management: Strategy and Practice, ed:7th , Pp.45, Cengage Learning Australia Pty Limited. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., ... Plimmer, G. (2015).Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press. Siebert, S., Martin, G., Bozic, B., Docherty, I. (2015). Looking beyond the factory gates: Towards more pluralist and radical approaches to intraorganizational trust research.Organization Studies, 0170840615580010. Thunnissen, M., Boselie, P., Fruytier, B. (2013). Talent management and the relevance of context: Towards a pluralistic approach.Human Resource Management Review,23(4), 326-336. Thursfield, D., Kellie, J. (2013). Unitary practice or pluralist empowerment? The paradoxical case of management development in UK trade unions.Personnel Review,42(4), 488-504. Varma, A., Budhwar, P. S. (2013).Managing human resources in Asia-Pacific(Vol. 20). Routledge. Warner, M. (Ed.). (2013).Managing across diverse cultures in East Asia: issues and challenges in a changing globalized world. Routledg

Napolean Essays (599 words) - French Emperors, House Of Bonaparte

Napolean annon Nationalism is the devotion of people to the interests of its nation or the love of ones country to stay independent. Nationalism played a major role in the downfall of Napoleon in that he wanted an empire and his opponents wanted independence. As Napoleon was conquering lands and creating a vast empire his troops stressed in the far lands that they conquered life, liberty and equality. Even though Napoleon did not realize it triggered nationalistic feelings among the conquered nations. Spain who was an ally of France, disobeyed Napoleons decree. Then in 1808 Napoleon overthrew the Spanish royal family and made his brother Joseph king of Spain. But everything that Napoleon did such as put in a foreign ruler, take away noble privileges offended Spanish pride and created nationalistic feelings. The people of Spain revolted in 1808. The French troops stopped the riots, but the nationalistic spirit was not lost. For the next five years there was warfare in Spain. British troops came to aid Spain. This led to the defeat of Joseph, death of thousands of French troops and it inspired patriots and nationalists of other lands to resist Napoleon. This war between 1808 and 1813 is called The Peninsular War. In Germany, anti-French feelings broke out. But the French invasions carried German nationalism beyond the small ranks of writers. In 1807 writers attacked French occupation of Germany. This nationalistic feeling spread to the Prussians. In 1806 the Prussians were defeated by the French troops. To drive the French out of Prussia there would have to be a spirit of cooperation and loyalty. To accomplish this there would have to be social and political reforms. A reformer said that if social abuses were eliminated the Prussians could fight with national honor. Military reforms improved the Prussian army. In the War of Liberation(1813), the soldiers showed great feelings of patriotism and nationalism. And the French were driven out of Prussia. Russia, who was an ally of France went against the word of Napoleon. So Napoleon decided to invade Russia. Napoleons Grand Army had 700,000 people in it. Most of soldiers were not French and didnt care for the war. In 1812 when Napoleon began the invasion, Russia retreated. As they were retreating they burned all crops which were valuable. When Napoleon reached Moscow, the Russians burned the city. Even worse the winter was in a few months. The Russians also destroyed the food supply to Napoleon. Many soldiers starved to death. Napoleon decided to retreat back to France. On the way back Russian Cossacks slaughtered the soldiers who fell behind. Napoleon abandoned his army and went back to France. In 1813 almost every nation in Europe joined in the final coalition against France. Napoleon raised a new army but couldnt replace the equipment lost in Russia. In October 1813 allied forces from Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Sweden defeated Napoleon at Leipzig. By April 1814 the coalition occupied Paris, Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba. The coalition made peace with France. They restores Bourbon monarchy to throne in the person of Louis . However Napoleon escaped Elba and returned to France in march of 1815. Louis ordered his troops to stop Napoleon, but no one did. As Napoleon entered Paris he got a cheer. He raised a new army and on June 18 1815 he moved against the allies in Belgium. There the Prussians and the British defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. These days of Napoleon trying to regain power are called the Hundred Days. This time they sent him to St. Helena a lonely island near Africa. There he died in 1821. Nationalism was an enemy to Napoleon because it led to the decline of his empire. And the nationalistic feeling that was felt between his opponents eventually destroyed him.

The great Shakespeare essays

The great Shakespeare essays Almost every human utterance, with the change of fashion and the elapse of time, loses its appeal. Shakespeares doesnt. Mainly because Sh. devoted himself to man in all his more inevitable relations and qualities, that is, to you and me in all our more inevitable relations and qualities. He speaks to the most spread habits of people which wont change even in a few centuries. Therefore lots of people are affected by his works. Sh. was the perfect dramatist, since he had the power to enter understandingly into every human heart; but he never did so dogmatically. He steadily refuses to put men into pigeon-holes. He refuses to weaken human life, which he and his contemporaries regarded as of endless variety. In their depictions they did not use the strait-jacket of consistent character into which writers of fiction clamp mankind. All of Sh.s developed characters are puzzles, and it is the integration of divergent characteristics within them that makes them similar man and act in human wa ys like you and me. Play-wagons of groups of itinerant players were a familiar sight in medieval England. The performances were usually given in Inn-yards. Inns were public houses with great courtyards. On the right hand side there are two play-wagons, pushed together, making one continuous stage long enough for the players to move freely. At one end of each wagons there is a scaffold having two storeys and a flat roof. The upper storey is the upper stage for action above , at the window or on the walls. The lower storey is for action within, e.g. in a room, a hall, a house. In London, The Bell, The Bull and other inns, all within the city, were used for play-acting. The performances were so popular and attracted such crowds of people that disorder often broke out among the spectators. For this reason, James Burbage, a carpenter who had become a ...

Violence in American culture and how it effects adolescents Essays

Violence in American culture and how it effects adolescents Essays Violence in American culture and how it effects adolescents Violence in American Culture and How it Effects Adolescents Brandy Smith University of Phoenix Violence in American Culture and How it Effects Adolescents Parents are starting to believe that violence in video games, television, and music are having effects on their children. With all the violence that is out there in the media today, should parents be worried that it may be having a harmful effect on their children? This is the question that parents are asking themselves today. Some people today are noticing that their children are acting more aggressively today. Teachers are also reporting that children at school are also acting out with a bit more aggression than normal. Could this be one of the effects that violence could be having on children today? Today parents will finally learn about some of the harmful effects that may or may not be affecting their children. There are two sides almost every story, and we will explore both sides to the question, ?is the violence in the media having a harmful effect on my child It has been said that violent video games have a harmful effect on children, according to David Bickham (2009) of the Center on Media and Child Health, ?there is a strong and consistent relationship between viewing violent media and increased levels of anxiety, desensitization, and aggressive thoughts and behaviors among young people.? Bickham (2009) also found that children exposed to violent video games in laboratories behave more aggressively than children who played non ?violent video games. There have also been studies done that show the long term effects of playing violent video games. The scientific findings have shown that violent video games that are viewed as a child can lead to aggressive behavior all the way into adulthood. (Bickham 2009) However, there is also another side to this issue that is to be discussed. According to Benjamin Radford (2009) , the editor of the Skeptical Inquirer and author of books of skepticism and urban legends? violent video games have been ar ound since 1991, yet clear evidence of any harm is yet to emerge.? There have been 200 studies done on media violence, but many of the studies that have been released have admitted to their being other collations when they have actually written down their process. Richard Rhodes, a writer from Rolling Stone magazine states that ?fighting media depictions of violence cite the studies and ignore their lack of scientific validly.? There are people, who believe that violence in video games is having bad effects on their children, and on the other hand there are those who believe this to be inconclusive; and there are similar arguments occurring with an entirely different form of media. The other form of media that parents are concerned with is violence on television. According to the Senate Committee of The Judiciary, in 1997 there was an estimated 2.8 million juveniles arrested by law enforcement agencies. In a report that was written by Brandon Centerwall (2009) states that ?if television had never been created there would be 10,000 fewer homicides, 70,000 fewer rapes, and 700,000 fewer assaults each year.? There has been an analysis of television done for the 20 years (1973-1993). The results of this analysis show that violent acts have increased from five violent acts per hour in 1992 to almost 15 violent acts per hour in 1994. There are some experts who believe that children can become addicted to violence, and build a tolerance to it. The president for the Center for Media and Public Affairs, Robert Lichter (2009) states ?if you?re worried about what your kid eats, then you should be worried about whet your kid?s watching.? On the other hand there are some pe ople that believe that television violence has no effect on children. There are people who believe that all of the tests and research that has been done by placing two children in front of a violent program and the other in front of a nonviolent program is problematic. It is believed that the results are not real world results. Kevin Durkin (2009), an associate professor of psychology at the University of Western Australia states that ?aggressive behavior that is shown in

Summary 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Summary 1 - Essay Example -up owners can do so by purchasing competitor’s products, posing as an interested customer with the aim of analyzing customer care and sales strategies of the competitor, and speaking to managers/leaders at an on-site visit, who are likely to brag about the company’s past and successes (Martin 1). Outshine the competition-use knowledge gained from analyzing the industry to implement effective and efficient products and services that limit competitors’ market appeal; for example, secure lucrative contracts, and create easy to use websites. The fundamental goal is to take competitors out of the picture (Martin 1). Focus on customer service- the effectiveness of this hinges on assembling a resourceful, motivated team, which comprises of people who share the owner’s passion and vision for the company. Start-ups must aim to create pleasant customer service experience, as this will help attract and retain new customers (Martin 1-2). Create quiet opportunities- it is crucial for start-ups to stay under their competitor’s radar, as overexposure might make trigger a fight for market shares by competitors; for example, competitors might offer lower prices (Martin 2). Maintain your lead- in order to do so, owners of start-ups must consistently provide quality services and products while simultaneously remaining proactive in the execution of the company’s strategies. They should preempt future technological innovations, customer’s expectations among other things (Martin

Business Strategy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Strategy - Research Paper Example There were several initiatives developed as part of this strategy as will be described and evaluated below. One of the initiatives was ensuring that the company registered improved restaurant operations. In an effort to achieve this, McDonald’s ensured that employees received relevant training to their job responsibilities as well as leadership skills. Since the company has the Hamburger University, it proved easy for it to offer training programs. In addition, McDonald’s sought to ensure that its products were sold at an affordable price. Notably, the company indulges in research on the emerging economic trends and ensures that it adjusts prices to match the economic situation. The company focused on cutting down costs so that it would succeed in reducing the food prices. However, it maintained its quality of services and food. McDonald’s also increased the variety of its menu presenting consumers a diverse range of beverages and fast foods. The company was keen to realize that healthy eating has become a priority for many consumers and introduced quick service foods , which are healthy. Worth noting is the fact that the company also increased the number of McCafes as well as operating hours (Weinstein, 2012). In order to determine whether McDonald’s strategy is well matched to the industry conditions, it is critical to consider how its internal and external conditions complement each other and how they are aligned with the industry conditions. Evidently, McDonald’s has identified and utilized the best opportunities available in the market. It strives to offer its consumers unique products. In addition, the company has ensured that its business strategy conforms to the emerging social and economic conditions as well as buyer preferences. This is made evident by the fact that the company reduces prices when there are economic hardships. Moreover, it

Obesity in Children Essay Example for Free

Obesity in Children Essay What parents allow their children to eat can affect their bodies and their life. Most children don’t realize the effects of long term illnesses such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart condition and high blood pressure. Taxing unhealthful foods and beverages could prove an important strategy to overconsumption and potentially aid in weight loss and reduced rates of diabetes among children and adults. Junk food should be taxed because it will reduce obesity, type 2 diabetes, and health care costs. First of all, taxing junk food will lower obesity among Americans. The increase in both soda and pizza found that many Americans would still buy junk food regardless of a price increase. Taxing of sugary beverages at a penny-per-ounce rate with the goal of decreasing consumption of obesity caused in drinks. The junk food tax would fund obesity related health initiatives such as diabetes care. Obesity has been acknowledged as a national problem, notion of taxing junk food doesn’t seem so bad. Secondly, Americans need to take better control over what they eat and what they feed their children. We must take a stand against obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease in children and young adults. Most fast foods contain process meats and considered unhealthy in children. Americans don’t have an ideal what they are eating in fast food restaurants. How the government determined what foods should be served in schools. A couple of school systems such as Texas and California had a great idea to remove soft drinks, pop, soda, energy drinks and cola from the schools lunch rooms along with fast foods such as burgers, French fries, hot ogs and convenience stores, too fight the obesity epidemic among the United States and children. Replace drinks with orange juice, and water. Replace fast foods with fresh fruits, vegetables, salads and exercise. Obesity in the United States has risen from 48 percent to 65 percent within the last thirty years and so has health care which has sky racket. We need to be more proactive in saving our children by eating healthier f oods in the home and school. Schools need to change the vending machines to reflect eating healthy will help the body to become healthier. The school environment, nutrition, organizational support groups, school policies that take away things such as sweetened beverages, and replace them with water, juice, fruit, vegetables and less junk food. Availability of less healthful food and beverages in schools is worldwide. Despite changes in improving school food environment, availability of high fat food such things as pizza and hamburgers remain high in United States schools. Canadian elementary schools seem to have fewer vending machines, but less healthful food and beverages are available to all grades as they are made available through outlets such as cafeteria, school stores. It is said that schools may influence students into eating unhealthy by the lunches they provide and the vending machines that are in schools. Lastly, fast foods are not good because they have no nutrition value, most children that consume fast foods on a daily basic start to gain weight due to lack of exercise. Children watch more TV and play more video games than exercising. Less exercise in schools, have also been a major factor contributing to obesity in children. Fast foods make children tired, the more you eat the less energy you have. When you walk into a store whether it’s a large grocery store or a small convenience store the lack of fruits and vegetables are small. Most children and adults are unaware that they have high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Most children who suffer from obesity also have a high rate of asthma. It would be a good idea if governments would rate schools on lunches they are providing to students. The school should prohibit advertising of fast foods, sweets and pop, prohibit use of less healthful foods , provide advertising that deals with eating healthy and healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, seek educational requirements for school food and include requirements for nutrition education. Include exercise in the diet each day that way children won’t feel tried after eating lunch. They will burn off fast and their bodies will feel better and become better in the long run. We need our children to be healthy. We need to avoid sickness, obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure. Americans need to limit the intake of fast foods and start looking at healthy choices for themselves and their children. Medical bills have sky racket. If we plan to keep our generation of children around we better start looking at better ways of eating and providing nutrient in our everyday diet. Most people have cars, less people walk, ride bikes, or exercise. We have become lazy when it comes to exercise and eating healthy. Look at your children and ask yourself, do I want my child to continue looking like this, obese, sick and unhealthy.

An MBA Graduate Defined Essay -- essays research papers

An MBA Graduate Defined An MBA is a degree awarded to individuals who complete required coursework in the field of Management Science. The MBA title stands for Master of Business Administration and implies that the person holding the degree is qualified to hold a position in senior management within a firm. An MBA manager is similar to the captain of a ship. He is responsible for making decisions and plans about the firm and for controlling the firm’s employees. The goal of an MBA manager is to maximise the firm’s value through the use of the firm’s tangible and intangible assets. He maximises this value by obtaining the highest Profits possible. In the following discussion, I will examine how senior management in general and MBA graduates in particular can use the field of Managerial Accounting to make decisions/plan and control employees in order to maximise Profits. For clarity throughout this essay, senior managers and MBA graduates should be considered as one in the same. Managerial Accounting Defined Managerial Accounting is the process of using information systems to provide data to senior managers who then use this data for decision-making/planning and monitoring employee performance in order to maximise profits. The data that senior managers use is supplied by the Financial Accounting function. This information is used to improve the performance of the Marketing function, which generally provides the Revenue of the firm and the Operations function, which generally incurs most operating costs. Marketing and Operations are thus the functional areas which an MBA graduate is generally concerned. Managerial Accounting is vital to a business’s success because it quantifies a firm’s performance. By quantifying certain performance variables, senior management can carry out its two most important functions: 1) Decision-Making/Planning and 2) Controlling Employee Behaviour. The Theory of the Firm tells us that a business exists to maximise the value of equity investors have supplied. Profits result from decisions about what items to produce and sell (Marketing) and planning what inputs are necessary for this production and distribution activity (Operations). Value maximisation results from maximising Revenue and minimising Total Costs. In business, resources are always limited or finite. Therefore, they must be employed in the most economical and produc... ... Statement. Suppose senior management has noticed a decrease in profits for the lemon-lime soda the firm produces. By examining the Financial Accounting data they have found an unexpected increase in the cost of lime flavoring that is used because a supplier of the product has gone out of business. Here, an MBA manager must make a decision about alternative sources available for the flavoring input and as always look to buy it at a lower price. Once again, Financial Accounting data (cost information from the Income Statement) has been used by senior managers to solve a planning/decision-making problem within the Operations function. Summary In conclusion, Managerial Accounting is process MBA graduate managers can use to gain insight into planning/decision-making and employee control. The process involves examining Financial Accounting data and then applying that information to maximize Profits through the Marketing and Operations functions. Specifically, maximizing Revenue in Marketing and minimizing Costs Operationally. Managerial Accounting is scientific in its approach rather than intuitive and should be used by MBA graduates interested in maximizing the value of their firm.

George Zimmerman Essay

There is a continuing racial divide in this country and the Trayvon Martin case illustrates it. I say this because here are the facts in this particular case, George Zimmerman, a 28-year-old white man shot and killed Trayvon Martin an unarmed 16-year-old black boy, after buying a bag of Skittles and a iced tea from a local 7-Eleven store as he was returning to his father’s girlfriend’s apartment inside their gated community. Trayvon Martin was an unarmed, 16-year-old who was killed by a neighborhood watch member as he walked to his father’s home in a gated community. George Zimmerman, the man who admitted to shooting and killing him, was not initially arrested or charged. After nearly 6 weeks and considerable public outcry, prosecutors charged Zimmerman with second-degree murder in the case, which has become a flashpoint in the conversations about racial profiling and gun laws. February 26, 2012, a 17-year-old African-American named Trayvon Martin was shot and killed As he returned from a local 7-Eleven after buying a bag of Skittles and iced tea. by was George Zimmerman, a 28-year-old white man. The shooter admits killing Martin, but claims he was acting in self-defense. After that he was then spotted by Zimmerman while returning to his father’s girlfriend’s apartment inside their gated community when Zimmerman called 911, explaining that Trayvon, who was wearing a hoodie at the time, a pair of blue jeans, and red/white sneakers, looked suspicious. Zimmerman then pursued Trayvon even after he was told not to by the 911 dispatcher. When Zimmerman approached Trayvon, the two got into a scuffle, resulting in Trayvon taking a bullet to the chest at point blank range. Here is what everyone should know about the case: 1.  Zimmerman called the police to report Martin’s â€Å"suspicious† behavior, which he described as â€Å"just walking around looking about. † Zimmerman was in his car when he saw Martin walking on the street. He called the police and said: â€Å"There’s a real suspicious guy. This guy looks like he’s up to no good, on drugs or something. It’s raining and he’s just walking around looking about†¦ These a**holes always get away† 2. Zimmerman pursued Martin against the explicit instructions of the police dispatcher: Dispatcher: â€Å"Are you following him? † Zimmerman: â€Å"Yeah†Ã‚  Dispatcher: â€Å"OK, we don’t need you to do that. † 3. Prior to the release of the 911 tapes, Zimmerman’s father released a statement claiming â€Å"[a]t no time did George follow or confront Mr. Martin. † 4. Zimmerman was carrying a 9 millimeter handgun. Martin was carrying a bag of Skittles and a ca n of iced tea. 5. Martin weighed 140 pounds. Zimmerman weighs 250 pounds. 6. Martin’s English teacher described him as â€Å"as an A and B student who majored in cheerfulness. † 7. Martin had no criminal record. 8. Zimmerman â€Å"was charged in July 2005 with resisting arrest with violence and battery on an officer. The charges appear to have been dropped. † [Huffington Post] 9. Zimmerman called the police 46 times since Jan. 1, 2011. [Miami Herald] 10. According to neighbors, Zimmerman was â€Å"fixated on crime and focused on young, black males. † [Miami Herald] 11. Zimmerman â€Å"had been the subject of complaints by neighbors in his gated community for aggressive tactics† [Huffington Post] 12. A police officer â€Å"corrected† a key witness. â€Å"The officer told the witness, a long-time teacher, it was Zimmerman who cried for help, said the witness. ABC News has spoken to the teacher and she confirmed that the officer corrected her when she said she heard the teenager shout for help. † [ABC News] 13. Three witnesses say they heard a boy cry for help before a shot was fired. â€Å"Three witnesses contacted by The Miami Herald say they saw or heard the moments before and after the Miami Gardens teenager’s killing. All three said they heard the last howl for help from a despondent boy. † [Miami Herald] 14. The officer in charge of the crime scene also received criticism in 2010 when he initially failed to arrest a lieutenant’s son who was videotaped attacking a homeless black man. New York Times] 15. The police did not test Zimmerman for drugs or alcohol. A law enforcement expert told ABC that Zimmerman sounds intoxicated on the 911 tapes. Drug and alcohol testing is â€Å"standard procedure in most homicide investigations. † [ABC News] The Martin case had been turned over to the Seminole County State Attorney’s Office. Martin’s family has asked for the FBI to investigate. The â€Å"Stand your ground† law is covered in Florida, by Florida Statute 776. 032 â€Å"Immunity from criminal prosecution and civil action for justifiable use of force. This law states: (1) A person who uses force as permitted in s. 776. 012, s. 776. 013, or s. 776. 031 is justified in using such force and is immune from criminal prosecution and civil action for the use of such force, unless the person against whom force was used is a law enforcement officer, as defined in s. 943. 10(14), who was acting in the performance of his or her official duties and the officer identifi ed himself or herself in accordance with any applicable law or the person using force knew or reasonably should have known that the person was a law enforcement officer. As used in this subsection, the term â€Å"criminal prosecution† includes arresting, detaining in custody, and charging or prosecuting the defendant. To further understand this law, we must examine the permitted circumstances provided under Florida Statutes 776. 012, 776. 013, and 776. 031. Florida Statute 776. 012 â€Å"Use of force in defense of person† states: A person is justified in using force, except deadly force, against another when and to the extent that the person reasonably believes that such conduct is necessary to defend himself or herself or another against the other’s imminent use of unlawful force. However, a person is justified in the use of deadly force and does not have a duty to retreat if: (1) He or she reasonably believes that such force is necessary to prevent imminent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the imminent commission of a forcible felony; or (2) Under those circumstances permitted pursuant to s. 776. 013. Florida Statute 776. 013 mostly provides circumstances related to residential settings, acts during burglaries, suspected burglaries, and the likes except section (3) of the Florida Statute. Florida Statue 776. 13 section (3) states â€Å"A person who is not engaged in an unlawful activity and who is attacked in any other place where he or she has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and meet force with force, including deadly force if he or she reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the commission of a forcible felony. † What these Statutes ultimately provide for George Zimmerman is immunity from prosecution for using deadly force. To further explain, we must first depict the specifics and lack thereof contained in these statutes. George Zimmerman claims that he was following Trayvon, lost sight of him and was returning to his vehicle. During the process of returning to his vehicle, Trayvon snuck up behind him, punched him in the face, knocked him to the ground and beat his head to the ground. What the media claims happened, is that Zimmerman chased down Trayvon, attacked him, and shot him due to racial profiling. Now, we must examine the applicability of the â€Å"Stand your Ground† Law in Florida. This law both covers some areas of law and ignores others. For example, both claims regarding how the altercation was initiated- whether Zimmerman chased after Trayvon or Trayvon came up to Zimmerman are inapplicable. Under the Florida statute, neither case really matters. Why? Because under Florida Statute 776. 013 provides both individuals immunity for being at the location. Whether either or was following the other does not matter because both individuals had a right to be there. What puzzles most individuals and has turned into a media circus of â€Å"Arrest Him† is the fact that no one really knows who attacked who first. According to reports from Robert Zimmerman; both Sr. and Jr. , father and brother of George Zimmerman, Trayvon struck George first. Neither man was at the scene when the attack took place, so both were simply relaying information provided by George. If this stands true that George Zimmerman was attacked by Trayvon Martin, the two wrestled on the ground, and George Zimmerman ultimately ended up shooting him, this law protects Zimmerman. Now, what the majority of Americans believe is that George Zimmerman â€Å"stalked† Trayvon Martin. So, we shall apply the Florida Statute for Stalking into this story in order to determine whether or not George Zimmerman was indeed stalking Trayvon Martin. The crime of â€Å"Stalking† is covered under Florida Statute 784. 048 â€Å"Stalking; definitions; penalties. † I want to you to recognize this term, used commonly throughout this statute. â€Å"Course of Conduct. † Under Florida Statute 784. 48 section (b) â€Å"Course of Conduct† is defined as a pattern of conduct composed of a series of acts over a period of time. Now through this, we can see that this claim of â€Å"stalking† because George Zimmerman is believed to have followed Trayvon does not apply as a â€Å"series of acts† but we shall further analyze what stalking is, with â€Å"course of conduct† applied in the statute. Stalking is defined under Florida Statute 784. 048 section (2) as â€Å"Any person who willfully, maliciously, and repeatedly follows, harasses, or cyber stalks another person commits the ffense of stalking, a misdemeanor of the first degree. † Now through this, we can clearly see that â€Å"stalking† is not the applicable term that applies to George Zimmerman, thus the act, if at may have been, of â€Å"following Trayvon† is not, by any Florida Statute, an illegal act. Because George Zimmerman was not stalking Trayvon Martin, does this mean George Zimmerman is innocent? There is no guarantee that George Zimmerman is innocent. Following someone may be viewed as â€Å"wrong,â₠¬  but by means of legality, it is not a legal act. Ultimately, this will come down to two things. Who struck who first, and; if Trayvon struck Zimmerman first, if he truly did fear for his life. This is not something we as Americans have the ability to determine. We have not seen any release of a medical record, but yet everyone says George Zimmerman is guilty and needs to be punished. So, if applicable, this law demonstrates that George Zimmerman was not in the wrong for following Trayvon and ultimately if it is a crime it is to be determined by who hit first and if there was a reasonable fear to justify the killing.

Love Kills Slowly

Amanda Miragliuolo Prof. T Woodard 1101/11:00-11:50 11-15-10 Research paper Love kills slowly Love is certainly a life learning experience. Whether if it’s good or bad, you still learn what to do in that situation if it arises again. Usually people tend to think with their hearts and not their minds when it comes to love, I call it the love spell. When people fall in love their lives tend to get so much easier because they have someone to depend on and someone to talk to. However, there are unhealthy relationships as well that can make someone’s life miserable and only bring them down.Some of the most popular reasons why relationships fail are because of jealousy. If you cant trust your partner then there is no relationship. Another reason is due to lack of communication, which is much needed in a healthy loving relationship. Trust is one of the main reason why love fails. If you truly love somebody then you will put them first, no matter what and never doubt them. Bein g in love takes a lot of work and time, but in the end its worth every second. Jealousy is a big downfall in relationships. It can easily change how you feel about a person.Being jealous is basically assuming the worst about your partner and the situations that they are in. Sometimes jealousy is caused by your own actions. If you are unfaithful to your partner you are most likely going to question and be suspicious about your partners every move. Then of course that will lead to fighting and lying. These are things that you do not want to experience in a relationship, they will only stress you out and get you upset. I recently went through a life changing relationship and I came to find out that love really does open your eyes and make you a wiser person.My relationship with Patrick was a roller coaster, it will most definitely be an experience that I will never forget. Even though it was a very unhealthy relationship I am glad that It happened because it made me into the person I a m today. Jealousy was a big factor in our relationship. Patrick would question every single thing that I did and he would usually not let me do anything without him. To me, that’s not what love is. As time went on jealousy took over him and I finally opened my eyes and realized why. He was cheating on me with my best friend.The jealousy that he had on me was because of his own actions with being unfaithful to me. Because he was doing this he thought it would be just as easy for me to do it too. This situation really got to me because I not only lost my boyfriend but I lost my best friend as well. Relationships shouldn’t be like this. It should be plain and simple, if you love somebody then be with them, and only them. Or just don’t be with them at all. Cheating is very common in relationships and that is when the trust disappears. Emotions coming from jealousy, usually escalate into trust issues.Trust is the most important thing in a relationship, If you donâ₠¬â„¢t have that then the relationship will fail. You cant say that you truly love somebody if you don’t trust them. A lot of hearts are broken because of lies and cheating. Healthy relationships have total and complete trust with one another and never doubt each others honesty. Unfortunately for me, its going to take a miracle for me to trust another guy with my heart again. However, the situation with Patrick only made me a stronger person. Experiencing the crying, screaming, and the violent heart pounding situations really changed me.Now I know when to get out of my possible future relationships when and if that person hits something if they are mad, or if I actually get scared of them like I felt with Patrick. I knew I needed to leave him when furniture went flying across the room, but I was thinking with my heart and not my head. The irony in this is that my best friend Gina knew all about this and held me while I cried on her shoulder and she is the one who he cheated on me with. Trust isn’t just in love relationships, its in friendships as well.As much as I miss being with my best friend everyday, I have learned and accepted that our friendship will never be the way it used to be. Love grows where trust is laid and it dies when it is betrayed. Communicating with your loved one should be nothing but a pleasure for you. Not in some cases. There are people in this world that are in relationships just for one reason, for sex. To me that’s called taking advantage of someone and not cherishing what sex is really supposed to mean between two people. Lack of communicating can also end a relationship quite fast as well.If you barely ever see or talk to your partner then what is the point in being with them? People should enjoy their relationships and they should love spending time with their partner. A relationship takes two people to work and the effort has to come equally from both sides. People need to appreciate who their with because the ir partner is with them to love and care them. Romantic relationships can be wonderful with the right person. A relationship with the wrong individual however can lead to years of heartache, emotional damage, and even physical damage.An unhealthy relationship can damage the way we feel about love and romance for the future. They can turn what is supposed to be a loving, supporting, and understanding relationship into a hating, unfaithful, and lying one. We all know to avoid people that appear insane or abusive and not select them as a dating partner. However, some individuals are better at hiding their personality and behavior abnormalities, like Patrick. Falling in love is going to take you on a wild roller coaster. With good or bad experiences, you will soon learn how to protect your heart.Usually people tend to think with their hearts and not their minds when it comes to love, I call it the love spell. Unhealthy relationships can make someone’s life miserable and only brin g them down. Some of the most popular reasons why relationships fail are because of jealousy. Another reason is due to lack of communication, which is much needed in a healthy loving relationship. Trust is one of the main reasons why love fails. If you truly love somebody then you will never doubt them. Being in love is the greatest feeling in the world, you just have to be careful who you give your heart to.

Prostitution should be legal misc essays

Prostitution should be legal misc essays Referred to as the oldest profession, prostitution . . . has long been a problem which has provoked and disturbed Americans (Kinsie 3). Prostitution [is] the performance of sexual acts, solely for the purpose of material gain (James [NA]). Prostitution remains, excepted and considered normal in some cultures. No gender specifics exist for prostitutes , but female prostitutes comprise the majority of prostitutes. A person male and married characterizing the majority of prostitutes clients, commonly referred to as a John. Surprisingly, but true, US prostitutes work legally in some areas. Prostitution is currently illegal in all 50 states (Flowers 8), with the exception of 12 rural counties in Nevada. A variety of different types of prostitutes exist: streetwalkers, call girls, massage parlor/brothel/in house prostitutes, madams, indentured sex slaves, escort service prostitutes, professional dominatrics, homeless, drug addicted and part time prostitutes (Flowers 18, 19). In 1995, approximately 95,000 arrests were made (70% female prostitutes, 20% male prostitutes and 10% customers), mostly streetwalkers; a misdemeanor typically resulting in a fine, occasionally a 30-day jail term. More importantly than numbers, what motivates one to choose a career of prostitution? Perhaps persuasion, coercion, abuse, addiction or poor conditions/lifestyle and the financial lure. Legalizing prostitution ensures regulation and taxation, allowing the police to deal with more violent crimes and reduce the abuse of prostitutes by Pimps. There remain many reasons why one may favor the illegal status of prostitution. Some see the profession as exploitive to women, a . . . form of sexual slavery (Abraham 1). Feminists claim that prostitution reinforces the status that women represent objects, u...

Free Essays on Feminism

FEMINIST MOVEMENT FROM ITS ORIGINS TO THE PRESENT IN USA Women traditionally had been regarded as inferior to men physically and intellectually. Both law and theology had ordered their subjection. Women could not possess property in their own names, engage in business, or control the disposal of their children. Historically they have been considered not only intellectually inferior to men but also a major source of temptation and evil. In Greek mythology, for example, it was a woman, Pandora, who opened the forbidden box and brought plagues and unhappiness to mankind. Early Roman law described women as children, forever inferior to men. Early Christian theology perpetuated these views. St. Jerome, a 4th-century Latin father of the Christian church, said: "Woman is the gate of the devil, the path of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a word a perilous object." But throughout centuries women began to understand that they were not inferior. From this moment they began to seek their equality in the name of Feminism. Feminism is a movement for the political, social, and educational equality of women with men; the movement has occurred mainly in Europe and the United States. It has its roots in the humanism of the 18th century and in the Industrial Revolution. We first see the Feminist Movement in French Revolution with Olympe de Gouges’ writings. In Europe there’re 2 important feminist writers that wrote classics in Feminist Literature. First one is English writer Virginia Woolf with her famous work ‘A Room of One’s Own’. The second writer is French Simone de Beauvoir with her work ‘Le Deuxieme Sexe’. Feminist issues range from access to employment, education, child care, contraception, and abortion, to equality in the workplace, changing family roles, redress for sexual harassment in the workplace, and the need for equal political representation. The history of American feminism - the self-conscious desire to achie... Free Essays on Feminism Free Essays on Feminism FEMINISM The woman’s position wasn’t always the same across the different cultures of the world. Either it was bad or good there was always something different. Some scientists believe that the first type of human society was the matriarchy. Women had more and greater rights than men. However, as time passed by the two categories of human sexes began wanting to command respect to each other. The result of this â€Å"battle† was that men managed finally to make women obey them. Undoubtedly, women made great efforts in order to overcome the disadvantages of the situation that they ended up facing, and in a way, they succeeded. Women who couldn’t stand this oppression any more decided to demand their rights by creating a movement called Feminism. Feminism can be considered as a philosophical and sociological theory, which supports that the two sexes are equal not only in a social and economical level but in an urban and political level as well. However, even though by this movement women managed many things, in none of the countries the roots of the woman’s eternal inferiority haven’t yet obliterated, we can still see sometimes that new types of super session and imbalances make their appearance. Women are no longer expected to stay at home, keep the house, take care of children, wait patiently their husband to return and bring some money. Unlike they work hard by leading two lives. In the morning we see many women going to their office, and then in the afternoon running in order to be at home early to prepare the food for the children and the husband. But neither in the workplace, nor in the house they are equal patterns with men. In the 1960’s and 1970’s, a number of factors contributed to the resurgence of Feminism. Young women who were active in this movement gained experience in the politics of protest, but found that movement leaders often viewed women’s issues as trivial and relegated them to gender- stereotype... Free Essays on Feminism FEMINIST MOVEMENT FROM ITS ORIGINS TO THE PRESENT IN USA Women traditionally had been regarded as inferior to men physically and intellectually. Both law and theology had ordered their subjection. Women could not possess property in their own names, engage in business, or control the disposal of their children. Historically they have been considered not only intellectually inferior to men but also a major source of temptation and evil. In Greek mythology, for example, it was a woman, Pandora, who opened the forbidden box and brought plagues and unhappiness to mankind. Early Roman law described women as children, forever inferior to men. Early Christian theology perpetuated these views. St. Jerome, a 4th-century Latin father of the Christian church, said: "Woman is the gate of the devil, the path of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a word a perilous object." But throughout centuries women began to understand that they were not inferior. From this moment they began to seek their equality in the name of Feminism. Feminism is a movement for the political, social, and educational equality of women with men; the movement has occurred mainly in Europe and the United States. It has its roots in the humanism of the 18th century and in the Industrial Revolution. We first see the Feminist Movement in French Revolution with Olympe de Gouges’ writings. In Europe there’re 2 important feminist writers that wrote classics in Feminist Literature. First one is English writer Virginia Woolf with her famous work ‘A Room of One’s Own’. The second writer is French Simone de Beauvoir with her work ‘Le Deuxieme Sexe’. Feminist issues range from access to employment, education, child care, contraception, and abortion, to equality in the workplace, changing family roles, redress for sexual harassment in the workplace, and the need for equal political representation. The history of American feminism - the self-conscious desire to achie...

Financial Time series including ARCH-Garch models Research Paper

Financial Time series including ARCH-Garch models - Research Paper Example 'Financial Time series including ARCH-Garch models' forms the basis of financial and macroeconomics where model builders use stochastic processes to test and construct equations of economic variables. Time varying volatility and non-stationarity has largely contributed to the understanding and applicability of financial time series. Economic variables are referred as non-stationary when there is no tendency of being linear or constant and assume stochastic trends. Empirical research is often conducted in macroeconomics to estimate variable relationships and test hypothesis of the theories of macroeconomics. Empirical financial models are formulated based on cointergration concept that forms the basis of the major breakthrough in macro and financial economics. The aspect of volatility is important to financial economics such as the stock exchange and capital markets. Indeed, financial managers and analyst have repeatedly used the time series volatility model to forecast volatility and make relevant decision concerning future and current investments in the financial markets. Financial time series plays a big role in modeling and forecasting the financial operations of such corporations for countermeasures and avoidance of future financial crisis. The dynamics of corporate returns and stock prices can be effectively managed through application of financial time series and forecasting. Fluctuations of returns and the speculative prices in the stock markets are presented and modeled by time series volatility, which helps in decision making in investment. ... The dynamics of corporate returns and stock prices can be effectively managed through application of financial time series and forecasting. Fluctuations of returns and the speculative prices in the stock markets are presented and modeled by time series volatility, which helps in decision making in investment. Time series models such as the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity are used by financial analyst to determine the relationship between returns and risks levels in investments. Volatility of the sequence of the returns in money markets, foreign exchange markets, and stock markets are best described by the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model in financial time series. Advance usage of the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model is also used in the futures markets and by profession and executives in the stock markets to enforce counteractive measures to stabilize the markets. China stock market is a good example of a market that has successfully used the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model to describe the market2 Arch Methodology This financial time series model is used to forecast random variables from information of past variable trends and linearity through specific universal assumptions on the conditional macroeconomic and financial economic variables. Forecast of variables depends on past information with regards to conditional and random variables assumption although conditional variance in conventional models does not depend on the random variables past information but on estimations and test. Econometric use of the Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Model focuses on the limitations of forecasting in resultant prediction of the future that varies from one period to

Engineering - Anaerobic Digestion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Engineering - Anaerobic Digestion - Essay Example Leading in the Go Green, campaign is biogas. Biogas is defined as a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane gas, which is sourced from the breakdown of organic matter, usually waste, in a process referred to as anaerobic digestion. The process is a method by which raw biogas is converted into cleaner, efficient and easier used energy sources. Planning a biogas plant Designing a biogas plant is an engineering problem that has to be approached by considering all the operational, economic, environmental and sustainability conditions. Before designing the biogas plant in the Middle East, the engineer has to first engage in plans, which are conceptualized ideas, but not suited for any one given application. In planning, some of the considerations to look into include the naturally occurring resources, agricultural development, social conventions, customer energy requirements and possible construction site. Careful planning is necessary to eliminate present and cumulative or multiplier effec ts on the design. As a biogas digester (production unit) is a costly investment, it cannot be simply set up as a temporary station. Design The design of the biogas unit is dependent on the conditions a given society poses to the objective. A biogas unit is affected by numerous conditions such as the environmental conditions, design and socio-economic conduct of the people of that region. The choice of the design is determined by the conditions of the chosen site. Designing a biogas unit in the Middle East is a generalized idea, to come up with a perfect unit, the engineer has to analyse the conditions and challenges a given site provides. Just as any system, the biogas production plat is affected by the input and any additional disturbances, which are reflected in the output (which in our case is biogas). Physical conditions Physical conditions are one of the most influential factors when it comes to designing and setting up a biogas digester. Since the anaerobic process of biogas p roduction is quite sensitive to temperature, then care should be taken in considering the climate of a given locale. Other conditions apart from the climate of a location that may be put to test include the soil conditions, the feedstock or substrate for digestion, and the available building material. The design considerations in terms of the substrate and size of the digester are determined by the consumers as well as the available building material. Insulation of the digester happens to be the main consideration in setting up the plant. The anaerobic process operates at temperatures of between 30 and 60 C. keeping the temperature between these limits is of great necessity to ensure that the bacteria involved in the digestion process lives, for high or low temperature leads to their death. Skills and labour Another requirement in designing is skills and labour. The technology involved in setting up a biogas plant is sophisticated and requires skills from both the constructors and d esigners. The complexity of the design usually dictates the type and level of skill involved in the construction process. Depending on the size, distance and costs, the biogas digester may be prefabricated or made in-situ. Standardization Although plants may be designed to fit the needs of a given consumer, there is a need for standardizing the design.

The Pirates of the Caribbean Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Pirates of the Caribbean - Essay Example First, the act of human slavery has not been eradicated totally. Secondly, the accounts on slavery give a very strong indication of why those ‘dark’ days of slave trade should never be revisited. Context in which each text was produced The Pirates of the Caribbean is set around a context of rescue mission. But there is a whole ironic contextual twist to this as the rescue, which was to be done for the governor’s daughter by Blacksmith Will Turner was done in conjunction with a pirate, Captain Jack Sparrow. Due to the love of Blacksmith Will Turner for the governor’s daughter, it can be said that the rescue mission was based on love. This therefore creates a context of the need to die for a person’s loved one even if it at times calls for doing this by fair or foul means. Slavery and capture are depicted in the context of producing The Pirates of the Caribbean because we see the governor’s daughter being captured into what was certainly to be e nslavement. With reference to Emmanuel Appadocca, there is the context of consequences of undermining the integrity of others. This is because Emmanuel Appadocca set himself on the path of revenge purposely to proof to the rich sugar planter, James Wilmington that if it was his mother (Emmanuel’s mother) he did not have respect for, he Emmanuel was in a position to show that there was a way he could defend the integrity of his mother. The approach was indeed questionable and so this also brings to fore, the idea that when a person is forced to act for someone he loves, it is mostly done by every means possible – even if through a foul means. Genres and how they influenced the Text All two sets of work; that is The Pirates of the Caribbean and Emmanuel Appadocca have genres of action, adventure and fantasy. However, the mediums through which these two great works of literature were carried have a lot of influence on the messages and contextual themes they carried. Indee d, films and novels carry the same theme in different fashions. It is for this reason that there are several film versions of novels that had existed for long. In fact it would be expected that when a film and a novel are depicting the same theme, the film would have a realistic appeal of the theme than the novel. But indeed as far as the theme of slavery is concerned, the same cannot be said of The Pirates of the Carribean as against Emmanuel Appadocca. This is because in Emmanuel Appadocca, the writer’s setting and central theme was indeed at the time of the slave trade. This means that the writer had more exemplifying and elaborative way of presenting the issue of slavery than in The Pirates of the Caribbean. In the latter, though there was the theme of slavery, much of the writer’s attention was on the rescue and the love relationship that existed between Blacksmith Will Turner and the governor’s daughter. Due to this, a lot of the action that the power of m otion had in the film was centered on the rescue theme rather than elaborating on the plight and hardship associated with the capture. In the novel also, due to the lack of motion, the writer was forced to be really sentimental with his presentation on issues of slavery and so could better depict slavery through writing than it was through motion picture. Intended audience for text Some way some

High School and Competition Essay Example for Free

High School and Competition Essay Competition makes people try to be better than others and forces them to beat themselves. People will work on giving their best; therefore, they will always make their best effort. As a result, success will come. People will never stay the same when forced to compete; they will become better, improving themselves to be the best they can be. Cooperation is important, I can realize that, but isn’t the recipe to succeed. As you help other ones, they will help you; however no one can make you successful; success comes through individual determination. Cooperation makes you focus on the group, not in your objective that is to succeed. Cooperation could be helpful, but without competition it makes them forget where are you going to and where you want to get to while competition provides the opposite. An example of why competition grants more success than cooperation relates to children. In a world where competition is appearing more frequently, children must learn how to assert themselves. Although cooperation is taught in elementary school and used throughout their grade school lives, it doesn’t teach the child that in the real world, competition is used to determine whether they get a job or what college they go to. Obviously, cooperation helps a child develop social skills, but competition develops a drive to do better and succeed in everything that they do. The idea of competition will bring some benefits such as independence and self-confidence in their character and will develop as an important part in their future. Achieving success in competition is also prevalent in admission factors for colleges. As the rate of people that are going to college rises, so does the competition that helps you get into those colleges. For this, cooperation does not get you anywhere when going to college. Competition helps because it is based on many factors: GPA, SAT, extracurricular activities, and community service. These factors are not achieved by cooperation, but by individual determination. This makes applicants competitive to get into colleges. As a result, the more competitive you are, the greater the chance that a good college will accept you, and a greater chance that you will succeed in life. In conclusion, competition gives a person a greater chance at succeeding at life than cooperation. Without competition, everyone is the same and everyone lacks individuality. However, with competition, people are given the opportunity to rise above a person who is not achieving and eliminates equal academic standards. It lets people go above and beyond and gives the person more room to see more opportunities.

Essay --

The widespread violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is associated with an epidemic of rape. The alarming brutality in the Eastern Congo results in thousands of cases of rape and genital injury with devastating psychosocial consequences. A disturbing ideology promoting and rewarding behavioral dominance through the subjugation and violent treatment of men, women, and children, led to an emerging socially literate psychology of militarized masculinity. Through active examinations of this framework, concepts like rape as a weapon of war emerge in an attempt to explain the connection between the proliferation of armed groups and the perpetration of sexual violence as a pervasive and destructive feature of society. In this conflict environment, rape is a vehicle for terrorism, displacement, and demoralization that deliberately incurs severe sexual trauma leading to a new pathology of rape with extreme violence . These emerging pathologies are denoted as social phenomena , emerging in the context of war from perpetuated violence, and explained in retrospective analyses of sexual violence. We view the role of social behavior through the interactions between aggregated individual acts of rape, and the long-standing systematic pressures and processes in the conflict. What’s missing is the analysis of collective behavior and the impacts on social cohesion. In the Congo, wider social norms and entities – the masculine collective – like rebel groups continue to promote behavior conducive to sexual violence. It is therefore important to go beyond the traditionally narrow individualism of gender analysis, and examine the behavioral products of masculine socialization – moving the conversation from morality to sociology, and f... ...ctural violence that makes them a target of sexual violence. This cover-up is done through established sociospatial zones that engender violence and characterize the environment as a space in which violence routinely occurs, and where women are routinely violated. Most examinations in the Congo focus on the practical military application of rape as a weapon, not the psychosocial implications that enable intimate partners to take advantage of men, women, and children. Because intimate partners are presumed to be far removed from a military context, and are viewed as civilians, they are effectively removed from the zone of scrutiny and find solace in sociospatial zones which condone sexual violence. As a result, the victims are ultimately blamed for the violence visited upon them, and the enormity of what is done to them in these areas remains largely unacknowledged.

Women Leadership

WOMEN AND LEADERSHIP Leadership: A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal. Put even more simply, the leader is the inspiration and director of the action. He or she is the person in the group that possesses the combination of personality and skills that makes others want to follow his or her direction. In business, leadership is welded to performance. Effective leaders are those who increase their companies‘ bottom lines. To further confuse the issue, we tend to use the terms â€Å"leadership† and â€Å"management† interchangeably, referring to a company's management structure as its leadership, or to individuals who are actually managers as the â€Å"leaders† of various management teams. Is a leader born or made? While there are people who seem to be naturally endowed with more leadership abilities than others, all believe that people can learn to become leaders by concentrating on improving particular leadership skills. 1. A leader plans. 2. A leader has a vision. 3. A leader takes charge . A leader shares her vision 5. A leader inspires through example. Women Leadership: When modern feminists movement emerged it dint feature much discussion of leadership. There was virtually no analysis of what feminist leadership might entail. Because leadership has been largely a privilege of men, and feminism focused on women. It is understandable that study of leadership dint have much sali ence. Feminists wanted to understand the women‘s experiences and routes of women‘s oppression. Psychologists is particular have neglected study of women. Therefore, new topics emerged – sexual harassment, rape, math anxiety, family violence and the politics of reproductive rights, to name just a few. To study leadership is it in organizations or in politics would have meant focusing on men. The discovery and development of women focus topics made a good sense. Much has changed. Women are now far more common in ranks of leaders. For example, women occupy 24% of chief executive positions in United States (U. S Bureau of Labor Statistics- 2006). They constitute 44% of school principles (U. S National Center for Education Statistics, 2005) and 21% of college and University presidents (Corrigan, 2002). It makes sense that feminists find the study of leadership appropriate now that it addresses the experiences of women as well as men. Although women remain rare in the corporate leadership and greatly under presented in politics, women‘s increasing presence in these and other leadership roles raises many questions about their functioning as leaders. When it comes to leadership, does gender matter? Is there a difference between women leaders and men who lead? Characteristics that distinguish women leaders from men in leadership: ? Women leaders are more assertive and persuasive, have a stronger need to get things done and are more willing to take risks than male leaders. ? Women leaders were also found to be more empathetic and flexible, as well as stronger in interpersonal skills than their male counterparts enabling them to read situations accurately and take information in from all sides. ? These women leaders are able to bring others around to their point of view because they are leading feel more understood, supported and valued. Four specific statements about women's leadership qualities: ? ? ? ? Women leaders are more persuasive than their male counterparts. When feeling the sting of rejection, women leaders learn from adversity and carry on with an â€Å"I'll show you† attitude. Women leaders demonstrate an inclusive, team-building leadership style of problem solving and decision making. Women leaders are more likely to ignore rules and take risks. This evidence – that the leadership style of women is not simply unique but possibly at odds with what men practice – begs the question: Do these qualities have value in the marketplace? Is this type of leadership welcomed by society and by the public and private sector? Differences between women and men leadership: There are several key ways in which people respond differently to women and men who are leaders. Conflicting, sets of expectations, high-profile women leaders in the United States are relentlessly held to a higher standard than their male counterparts. ? Different Responses to Women and Men in Leadership Roles Researchers have identified four key ways in which female and male leaders elicit different responses from those around them. These different responses appear to be due, not so much to different leadership behaviors by women and men, as to the stimulus value of women or men in these roles. A woman leader stimulates a different reaction than a male leader because of learned expectations, shaped and supported by the surrounding social structure, that invalidate and undercut women‘s attempts to be effective, influential, and powerful. ? Women are expected to combine Leadership with Compassion—and are disliked when they don’t Researchers have long found that people think ? male? when they think ? leader?. Because of perceived incompatibility between the requirements of femininity and those of leadership, women are often required to ? soften? their leadership styles to gain the approval of their constituents. Women who do not temper their agency and competence with warmth and friendliness risk being disliked and less influential. Women who lead with an autocratic style are the targets of more disapproval than those who enact a more democratic style; men may choose the autocratic style with relative impunity, if they are effective leaders. Often requires the application of a ? harder? eadership style, they are disliked and disparaged. ? People do not listen to or take direction from women as comfortably as from men The stereotype that women are more talkative than men is unsupported by evidence. Women report that they do not feel listened to, that when they speak in meetings their comments and suggestions are ignored or belittled—and that the same comments or suggestions from men have more impact. Field studies of small group meetings in organizations show that women leaders are targets of more displays of negative emotion than men leaders, even when both sets of leaders are viewed as equally competent. Women who promote themselves and their abilities reap disapproval Women who act more confident and assertive than is normative for women run the risk of disapproval. Research demonstrates that when women promote their own accomplishments it can cause their audience to view them as more competent—but at the cost of viewing them as less likeable. Men who promote their own accomplishments do not reap the same mixed outcomes: as long as they do not overdo it, self-promotion brings them both higher evaluations of competence and likeability. ? Women require more external validation than men do to be accepted as leaders in some contexts In competitive, highly-masculinized contexts, simply having leadership training or taskrelated expertise does not guarantee a woman‘s success unless accompanied by legitimating by another established leader. Gender stereotypes interfere with observers‘ ability to see women‘s competence; it is sometimes necessary to for a high-status other to provide them with credibility. Qualities of Women Leader: ? Committed. ? Outspoken. ? Enthusing. ? Vivacious. ? Happy. ? Creator. ? Charismatic. ? Lively. ? Talented. ? Friendly. ? Free-Spirited. ? Outgoing. ? Measured. ? Reflective. ? Spirited. ? Open and Honest. ? Determined. ? Cheerful. Altruistic. ? Keeping my interests ? Feisty. ? Inspirational. ? Trustworthy. ? Positive. ? Forthright. ? Energetic. ? Passion. ? Inspiring. ? Supportive. ? Optimistic. ? Cosmopolitan. ? Impressive. ? Eclectic. ? Fair. ? Hardworking. ? Confident. ? Assertive. ? Caring. ? Articulate. ? Humorous. to my self. ? Complex. ? Resilient. ? Calm. ? Spar kling Women Empowerment: ‘Women's empowerment' is the ability to exercise full control over one's actions. The Government of India had ushered in the new millennium by declaring the year 2001 as ‘Women's Empowerment Year' to focus on a vision ‘where women are equal partners like men'. The last decades have witnessed some basic changes in the status and role of women in our society. There has been shift in policy approaches from the concept of ‘welfare' in the seventies to ‘development' in the eighties and now to 'empowerment' in the nineties. The Constitution of India grants equality to women in various fields of life. Yet a large number of women are either ill equipped or not in a position to propel themselves out of their traditionally unsatisfactory socio-economic conditions. Leaving a meager number of urban and sub-urban women, Indian women are still crying for social justice. A review of government's various programmes for women empowerment such as Swashakti, Swayamsidha, Streeshakti, Balika samrudhi yojana and another two thousand projects reveal that little has been done or achieved through these programmes. The discrepancy in the ideology and practice of the empowerment policy of women in India constitutes its continued social, economic and social backwardness Empowerment would not hold any meaning unless they are made strong, alert and aware of their equal status in the society. The need of the hour is to improve female literacy as education holds the key to development. Empowerment would become more relevant if women are educated, better informed and can take rational decisions. The greatest challenge is to recognize the obstacles that stand in the way of their right to good health. To be useful to the family, community and the society, women must be provided with health care facilities. They should be provided with proper wages and work at par with men so that their status can be elevated in society. In recent years there have been explicit moves to increase women's political participation. The Women's reservation policy bill is however a very sad story as it is repeatedly being scuttled in parliament. In the Panchayati Raj system, however, women have been given representation as a sign of political empowerment. There are many elected women representatives at the village council level. However their power is restricted, as it the men who wield all the authority. Their decisions are often over-ruled by the government machinery. It is crucial to train and give real power to these women leaders so that they can catalyst change in their villages regarding women. All this shows that the process of gender equality and women's empowerment still has a long way to go and may even have become more difficult in the recent years. The main reason for the contradiction is that, targeted schemes tend to have only limited impact when the basic thrust of development is not reaching an average woman, making her life more fragile and vulnerable. To make a positive change basic infrastructure should be provided in every village and city. To begin with, providing safe drinking water supply and better sanitation not only directly improved the lives and health of women but also reduces their workload in terms of provisioning and ensuring such facilities. An access to affordable cooking fuel reduces the need to travel long distances in search of fuel wood. Improved transport connecting villages with each other and with towns can also directly improve living conditions as well as unpaid labour time spent in transporting household items. It can also lead to access to a wider range of goods and services plus a better access to health facilities. Expenditure on food subsidy and better provisions for public distribution services directly affects the lives of women and girl children in terms of adequate nutrition. The patterns of resource mobilization by government also have significant effects on women that are usually not recognized. When taxes are regressive and fall disproportionately on items of mass consumption, once again these tend to affect women more. This is not only because the consumption of such items may be curtailed but also because the provisioning of such items is frequently considered to be the responsibility of the women of the household. Also credit policies reduce the flow of credit to small-scale enterprises thus reducing the employment opportunities for women. There is a need to have womenfriendly economic policies that can enhance their social and economic position and make them self-reliant. There is no doubt about the fact that development of women has always been the central focus of planning since Independence. Empowerment is a major step in this direction but it has to be seen in a relational context. A clear vision is needed to remove the obstacles to the path of women's emancipation both from the government and women themselves. Efforts should be directed towards all round development of each and every section of Indian women by giving them their due share. Impact women leaders contribute to business: ? There are three key drivers why businesses are interested in women today: leadership, talent and markets. There is now data and studies to prove that more women in leadership means better bottom-line performance. Fortune 500 companies with the most women at the top have a 35 percent higher return on shareholder return to equity, and a Catalyst study showed boards with more than three women on them have an 83 percent higher return to shareholder value than boards without women. It's not about women taking over everything, it's about having gender balance because that really does seem to tie into much greater profitability and striking performance financially. ? One of the most compelling reasons for an organization to pay attention to the demographic makeup of its workforce is that a diverse employee base can have significant bottom-line impact. Yet, when the issue is workplace gender balance and actualizing women's economic and leadership potential, India trails behind less developing countries. ? Oftentimes when the subject of women in business is discussed, comparisons with men are made as if men are the barometer for business. This is a false perception and false too is the language. Business is not an entity separated from life; it is an entity encompassed by life. The definitions of a business consists of a line of work, to work, a profession, a job, a trade, a position, a vocation, a field, a calling and a career. Before today, societies around the globe have claimed that women didn‘t work and therefore couldn‘t understand the parameters of ? formal? business. This misconception rivals some of the largest platitudes in history: the near-sighted earth is flat, the purposeful stork delivers babies and the perforated theory of evolution. The business world has presented itself to women as if it spoke a foreign language on an uncharted map. But the truth is that the language is fabricated and the world of business operates in a land not unknown to women. By definition, everything women do and have always done is in fact a business. Women have labored the child, harvested the crop, fed the hungry, nursed the needy and educated the willing. All of those are jobs, careers, trades, vocations and callings. Women aren‘t new to business; they‘re only new to the financial rewards. ? Today, more than ever, women are in the workplace and now own the workplace. Women have always been established in business but now they are in business for profit by way of monetary means. Today over 10 million businesses are owned or controlled by women and those businesses account for over two (2) trillion dollars in sales. That‘s an astounding number and a resounding accomplishment when all considerations are factored. This doesn‘t come as a result of women learning anything new. This is a manifestation of which women already are: industrious, innovative, instinctive and intelligent. The traits of women are not to be compared with that of men, just shared in composition of a more productive and progressive society. Every household around the world that houses women, women manage and most commonly manage well. The interactive and intuitive management style of women is a prerequisite to a thriving business and a productive workplace environment. Women-owned businesses employ almost 20 million people and steadily rising. ? There was a time not long ago when any man in a three-piece suit could qualify for a business loan. Those times are no more, as much money was lost and many laws were circumvented. The measures applied in today‘s market are far more reasonable and more accessible to female entrepreneurs. Commercial lenders and Venture Capitalists want to see that the company has done its research in that respective field. It‘s important for them to know that you have experience in this area of expertise. Another major factor will be how you intend to market the product and what the infrastructure of the company is. As you design your company, research successful companies already in that industry, introduce yourselves to other women in business and network to assist each other. Those around you that make claims of what you can‘t do must be excluded from your conversations, so that you may focus on the task at hand. Whether you are single, a single mother or married, taking advantage of free enterprise is the way to independence and interdependence. The success in business that any male has experienced is not because males possess some superior trait over women; it‘s because men have been the only players. Women can compete in any and every business. It‘s just a matter of choice and now that choice is ours. For one to operate a successful business, they must first define what su ccess is in their own terms. ? The sole reason why the numbers of women-owned businesses aren‘t more reflective of the population is because they haven‘t been encouraged to do and supported when doing so. It‘s been a blight on the world community and a recessive gene to societal growth. Today we see women straightening that crooked path and every society will become a more powerful force because of it. Yesterday, we gorged the bitterness of bigotry. Today, we taste the fruits of unity and diversity. Today, we plant the untainted seeds of effortless innovation and boundless meritocracy. Today, little girls and little boys will witness the ubiquitous talents of women in power and exalt their leadership. Young women will know they have a reasonable option before them and no law will disallow their choices. It‘s paramount that not only young women see their defined roles as unrestrained but that young men do and work in concert as we brave a new world. It‘s true: Today is the greatest day in the history of the world and tomorrow will be even better. Challenges for women leadership: In spite of decades of organization and legislative support for gender equality, it appears that there is still very much a glass ceiling facing women in many aspects of leadership. Most women gaining or holding leadership roles – whether in the workplace or in community organizations – Face many challenges and oppositions which can be very hurtful and demoralizing. Women leaders still face many unique challenges brought on by a combination of social and cultural stereotyping, gender bias, family demands and also their innate female tendencies. Women leaders still earn less in general, receive less recognition and less support especially in the male dominated, competitive corporate world but also in other professional fields, such as medicine. The most common challenges faced by women leaders are: ? The challenge of family responsibility: It is a common lament that women are expected to juggle the demands of career and family, with constant criticism from both sides for failure to achieve perfection. For women leaders, the constant struggle to balance their responsibilities in both the professional and personal arena can be overwhelming, especially given the lack of support and the constant fight they have against the obstacles generated from traditional prejudices and gender stereotyping. In the greatest majority of break ups it is the woman who leaves. She leaves because her needs weren‘t given sufficient weight in the relationship. However still men around with a 1950‘s masculinity are happy for their women to work if they can manage it around all their other commitments at home. They expect their working wives to do everything that their stay -at-home mothers do. ? The challenges from personal inclinations: For many women, learning to operate and succeed in a male dominated world means having to learn to over ride or ignore their more feminine inclinations. When the women get overwhelmed by the responsibility of looking after everyone and everything, these men offer no support except to tell their wives that they will have to quit their job if they can‘t cope. ? Woman has a potential and power to be a leader. However women often lack opportunities skills and resources for realizing their potential. Much of women‘s leadership over the centuries has been invisible because the question of leadership has been viewed through gender – biased lenses. Women have been pulling together to make something happen , but all of these have been viewed as ordinary and domestic work, performed in the private sphere that did not qualify for leadership. So the first challenge is to make women‘s leadership visible. ? Gender biased lenses see leadership as happening in the ? public sphere ? hich was for generations and still is to an extent the domain of men. Ironically even women have and still reinforce this bias, which is an indication that the way we are socialized determines how we think and act. a very big challenge is becoming aware that we need new lenses that will make us see thing differently. How to overcome the challenges faced by women in leadership: When we have seen each other 's work we learned the value of different work and further understood the roles of women in disasters and communities and how to strengthen their leadership. Leadership has no gender does it? May be women are more conscious of themselves, they can lead as well as men. The Leader at home is mostly a woman who have created talented children, built savings, assets and they can built Nation with character 1. The philosophy of Panchayati Raj is deeply steeped in the tradition and culture of rural India and is by no means a new concept. ?The rationale behind the concept is to involve the public in local planning, identification of beneficiaries, decision making and proper implementation of policies and programmes of the people as described by them. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have today the basic commitment towards rural development. 2 . Panchayati Raj, as a system of governance, has had its ebbs and flows in the Indian polity ever since Indian attained independence. Various committees headed by Balwant Rai Mehta, Ashok Mehta, V. P. Naik, P. B. Patil, G. V. R. Rao, L. N. Singhvi overhauled these institutions which gave necessary impetus to the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act. Gender equality and gender equity are emerging as major challenges in the global development debate. Social scientists and development activists are giving increasing emphasis to these fields in their agenda for research and development. 4 As Noble Prizewinning economist Amartya Sen has pointed out, ? Democracy is not only the goal of development, it is the primary means of development. 5. Women‘s participation in political processes is important for strengthening democracy and for their struggle against marginalisation, trivialisation and oppression. Emergence of women as a strong group would change the prevailing political practices, the nature and content of debates in the legislature and women‘s issues can be taken care of from the feminist perspective both in policy formulation and implementation. .6. In fact, right from the days of the freedom struggle the Indian women have been consistently encouraged to take part in active politics. But due to the vitiated political milieu, resulting from increasing politicization and criminalization of politics, he level of political participation of women has been adversely affected despite the fact that there has been a marked increase in the level of literacy and political awareness among women. . India is perhaps the first country to recognize this social fact underlined by Lenin on the International Working Women‘s Day in 1921,8 and to have taken concrete measures to draw women into leadership positions and thereby into politics by giving them one-third reservation in wha t may now be called the third tier of governance—the Panchayati Raj. The constitutional amendment providing one-third representation to women in elected bodies as well as reserving one-third of the offices of chairpersons for them will have far-reaching consequences in Indian political and social life. Now, some general observations can be made regarding the role of women in grassroots level governance. It has come to the notice that the percentage of women at various levels of political activities has increased formally. The general trend is that those in politics are women belonging to the younger age-group between 25-45. It is also revealed that women take up political career as an extension of their domestic role. While women have been active in mass movements, their presence is not felt in decisionmaking. The influence of the husbands and close relatives is quite palpable. This tendency is due to lack of confidence. This dependency is a stumping block in their empowerment. ?Another positive impact of the grassroot level experiment is the increase in the female literacy rate. Studies reveal that after two years of their election to PRIs, many women demanded literacy skills and also felt the need to educate their daughters. Issues in which women representatives generally take interest are drinking water supply, primary health, child care, public distribution system and environmental protection. One quality observed among women representatives is their patience to hear the problems of the public. They also work in adverse circumstances. It has been observed that women representatives are honest and accurate in presenting issues to the decision-making bodies and authorities. Women would bring new ideas in local governance. They believe in a sustainable development and their emphasis is on natural resources management. Women representatives working at the grassroot level also believe that communal harmony is an important element of development and they strive to achieve this objective. Another promising fact is that they do not indulge in corrupt practices. The elected women have exhibited their leadership in solving some of the local problems and creating facilities for betterment of the rural society. Women are considered an extremely pivotal point in the process of change in the rural areas. Women‘s participation in panchayats provided opportunities to women to participate in the decision-making process. Women‘s participation proved to be the most effective instrument in bringing about a change in their way of life in terms of economic well-being and adoption of new technology. Women‘s entry into PRIs, both as members as well as heads of Panchayats, has pushed them into the policy-making and policy-implementation process in a very big way. Whether their husbands, fathers, brothers or other relatives compelled them to take up these roles, or whether they assumed these roles as dummy incumbents, one thing is certain: they crossed the rigid boundaries drawn through their households by the same male relatives. omen are leading in ensuring that families function well and have necessities for development. Women are running the ? Caring Industry,? by managing the well being of the sick, the children and the elderly etc. Women are resolving conflict and finding solutions for issues in communities, whether it is getting clean water in a village or a streetlight fixed to prevent ch ildren and pedestrians from being knocked down by cars. Women throughout history have always been making priorities, budgets, and action plans. Women have as managers of families and communities to the management of our nations, our businesses, religious institutions and our world. This is about making the personal public and the private political. It is about tearing down the walls of dualism and discrimination. Negotiating to ensure that women are in positions at every level of public governance beginning from kindergarten through parliaments, businesses all the way to the United Nations require strong women-led politically-motivated civil societies to support their leaders and hold them accountable. Advocacy work ust show that both women and men must work together for common good. There has to be a critical mass of women in leadership so that they can be companions with each other and allow themselves to be what they want or be allowed to be themselves and not to prove themselves . The first sign of success is when the women pioneers in leadership have space and voice to be visible on their own terms and to practice their leadership in positions commensurate with their skills . Female leadership including the skills that mothers use to manage sibling fights there will be possibilities for new beginnings. We should have more women in politics. workshops are essential to train potential leaders as well as encourage the ones who are successful at the local governance level to enter the State Assemblies and National Parliament. More women should participate in political system to set an example for the entire world by efficiently working on issues that are close to their heart?. Top 10 women leaders in India: ? Pratibha Patil- Pratibha Devisingh Patil, the current President of India, is the first woman to hold the office. She was also the first woman Governor of Rajasthan (2004-2007). ? Vasundhara Raje Scindia- Vasundhara Raje, the daughter of Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia and Jivaji Rao Scindia of Gwalior, entered the politics in 1984. Besides being the first women Chief Minister of Rajasthan, she was the Minister of State for External Affairs. ? Uma Bharti- Uma Bharti held various state-level portfolios in India including Youth Affairs & Sports, Human Resource Development, Tourism and Coal & Mines. ? Sushma Swaraj- Sushma swaraj, a lawyer by profession, was elected as a member of Rajya Sabha in 1990. Later, she became the Minister of Information and Broadcasting and president of Hindu Sahitya Sammelan for Four years. ? Sonia Gandhi- Sonia Gandhi, the President of the Indian National Congress Party (NCP), was married to Rajeev Gandhi in 1969. Now a widow of former Prime Minister of India, Sonia was named the sixth most powerful woman in the world by Forbes magazine. ? Mehmooba Mufti- Mehmooba Mufti, the president of the Jammu and Kashmir people Democratic Party, is the daughter of the former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir Mufti Mohmmad Sayeed. Brinda Karat- Brinda Karat was the first women member of the Communist Party of India. ? Mamta Banerjee- Mamata Banerjee is the founder and chief executive of the All India Trinamool Congress Party. Later, she was also made the Youth Affairs and Sport, Union Minister of State for Human Resources Development and Women and Child Development. ? Sheila Dixit- Sheila Dixit, belonging to the Indian National Congress, is the Chief Minister of Delhi since 1998. ? Mayawati Kumari- Mayawati Naina Kumari, the current Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, is the highest income tax payer among all politicians in India. Besides these top 10 women leaders in India, Late Indira Gandhi has also been an epitome of leadership in India. References: Women and Leadership – Jean Lau Chin, Bernice Lott, Joy K. Rice http://www. emergingwomenleaders. org/ http://books. google. co. in/books? id=ZyhRWzTm_RwC&pg=PR4&lpg=PP1&ots=IPACfy zBWQ&dq=women+leadership#v=onepage&q&f=false http://www. emergingwomenleaders. org/2009/11/women-leadership-and-personalityinsights-form-the-myers-briggs-type-indicator/ Team Members: V. Ashwini Reddy Mala Mankotia Manjusha. P Ramya Sree Rashmi Kumari G. Swetha Reddy R. Swathi Sree Usha Kiran